Difference between revisions of "Invasion of the Dinosaurs"

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{{episodes|WWW|11|3|12 Jan to 16 Feb 1974|The Time Warrior|Death to the Daleks|}}
 
{{episodes|WWW|11|3|12 Jan to 16 Feb 1974|The Time Warrior|Death to the Daleks|}}
  
.
+
*Black and white film recordings of various episodes were created on three different days -- '''27 June 1974''', '''28 June 1974''' and '''10 July 1974'''.
*Although [[The Time Warrior]] was the last full story to be tele-recorded onto 16mm black and white film, at least the first and second episodes of WWW were also transferred to film.
+
*The serial was offered by BBC Sydney to the ABC in [[Australia]] along with the rest of the season, and at least the first episode was requested by the ABC for audition and assessment purposes.  
* However, by '''August 1974''', only six months after the serial had aired in the UK, it was not being offered to foreign broadcasters.  
+
*That film print was received in Australia circa early '''August 1974''', which was between the dates for when the serials either side were assessed: 
'''WHY?''' That is the 1974 dollar question...
+
**[[The Time Warrior]] was assessed (on b/w film) by the censors on '''30 July 1974'''
 +
**[[Death to the Daleks]] was assessed (on PAL video) by the censors on '''26 September 1974'''
 +
*Although it had accepted and classified [[The Time Warrior]] in black and white, the ABC wanted to broadcast that season in colour (PAL transmissions were due to commence from March 1975). The BBC reported it was able to furnish all the serials in colour, but not Invasion of the Dinosaurs because episode one had by then already been erased (probably very soon after the telerecording had been made!). Serial WWW was therefore rejected by the ABC on account of its format before it had even been submitted to the censorship board. 
 +
*A non-sale to [[Australia]] meant that the only other Commonwealth country still buying the series in black and white -- [[Gibraltar]] -- could not afford to purchase it. (A sale to the [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Hong Kong]] and [[New Zealand]] was also not possible, as they were all broadcasting in colour at that time.)
 +
*BBC London, probably in direct response to the 'rejection' by Australia, issued a '''"No Further Interest"''' notice for the story in '''August 1974''' (shortly after the ABC rejected it), overlooking the possibility of future sales outside the Commonwealth, such as to [[United Arab Emirates]], who purchased all the existant PAL colour Pertwees in 1975.
 +
**'''CONSPIRACY THEORY''': It has been suggested that Invasion of the Dinosaurs part one was wiped in error due to it having a similar on-screen title as the fifth episode of the William Hartnell story [[The Web Planet]], and the Patrick Troughton story, [[The Invasion]], but that notion is often dismissed since the master tapes of that 6-parter and 8-parter had already been erased in 1969 and 1971 respectively. However, there is the possibility that this is in fact true. The BBC began junking the bulk of the negatives and film prints of the Hartnell and Troughton serials in 1974 (see [[Bicycling Chains]]) and Dinosaurs 1 may well have been mistaken for [[The Web Planet]] 5: "Invasion" and/or [[The Invasion]] 1 after all. The BBC junked the negatives and positives for [[The Invasion]] part one in 1974, and a clerical error may have seen the tape for "Invasion" (WWW1) incorrectly catalogued as a tape for "Invasion" ({{N}}5), and/or for "The Invasion" ({{VV}}) and it was thus assigned to the magnetic eraser... So when the request came from the ABC for colour tapes, the PAL master for part 1 had only just been wiped in error... Ooops.
 +
*BBC Sydney likely returned the black and white audition print to London, where it was junked -- and salvaged by a film collector. (It was subsequently returned to the BBC in 1983.)
 +
<!--'''''Sometime around 1974, the "No Further Interest" classification meant the tapes could be wiped, and Part One was duly erased. (It's worth noting that most of the incomplete colour Jon Pertwee stories only had some of the tapes erased; presumably that was the BBC's minimum requirement for classifying the whole serial "withdrawn".)'''''
 +
*'''''The films held by [[BBC Sydney]] were presumably subsequently destroyed and the tapes wiped.''''' -->
 +
*By late 1976, when the documentary '''[[Whose Doctor Who]]''' was in pre-production, BBC Enterprises no longer held sales copies of the serial on film or on tape. (The other five original broadcast tapes plus a longer earlier edit of part three were, however, always held by the BBC's Engineering Department.)
 +
* A clip of the Brigadier from part six was used in part four of [[Logopolis]], which aired in early 1981.
  
'''CONSPIRACY THEORY''': Where does one even begin? To make some sense of what happened with this serial, let's bullet-point the key events:
 
*'''12 January to 16 February 1974''': [[Invasion of the Dinosaurs]] airs on BBC TV. And as was standard practice at the time, tele-recordings are made of each episode during transmission.)
 
*'''15 January to 17 February 1974''': [[Invasion of the Dinosaurs]] airs on BBC Cymru (Wales) TV.
 
*'''1974''': A BBC sales 'brochure' includes [[Invasion of the Dinosaurs]] as being available.
 
*'''28 June 1974''' and '''10 July 1974''': Tele-recordings are made of episode one (and possibly also episode two). ('''NOTE''': It's not clear if these dates are for tele-recordings negatives being made from the original tapes, or positive prints being run off from the 'as transmitted' negatives; the term tele-recording is often used to describe both negative original and print.)
 
*'''26 July 1974''': The NZBC ([[New Zealand]]) censors view [[Spearhead from Space]] in black and white as an audition to buying the series but in colour.
 
*'''30 July 1974''': The censors in [[Australia]] view and assess [[The Time Warrior]] (on b/w film).
 
*'''August 1974''': BBC Enterprises confirms it has no interest in selling serial '''WWW''' overseas.
 
*'''26 September 1974''': The censors in [[Australia]] view and assess [[Death to the Daleks]] (on PAL video).
 
*'''10 October 1974''': The censors in [[Australia]] view and assess [[The Monster of Peladon]] (on PAL video).
 
*'''13 December 1974''': [[Death to the Daleks]] part one on PAL video tape is viewed by the NZBC ([[New Zealand]]) programme appraiser. 
 
*'''1975''': A BBC sales 'brochure' includes [[Invasion of the Dinosaurs]] as being available.
 
*'''24 November 1976''': Pre-production on '''Whose Doctor Who'''. BBC Enterprises does not hold any tapes for Serial WWW.
 
*'''28 February 1977''': A memo is drawn up recording foreign sales of '''Doctor Who''' (See [[BBC Records]]). [[Invasion of the Dinosaurs]] is blank.
 
*'''1978''': When the newly-formed Film and Video Archive is established, PAL video-tapes of episodes two to six are found to be held after all.
 
*'''1983''': One of the 1974 tele-recordings of episode one is recovered early in 1983.
 
 
Right. That's the chain of (known) events. But what does it all mean? Given that the rest of season 11 was supplied to [[Australia]] less than six months after UK transmission, by which time '''WWW''' was not available, then '''WHATEVER IT WAS THAT HAPPENED''' happened sometime between 10 July 1974 (when part one was tele-recorded) and August 1974 (when Enterprises declared no further interest).
 
 
 
'''SO, WHAT DID HAPPEN?'''
 
 
*It has been suggested, but refuted, that the two 1974 tele-recordings were of poor quality. Maybe the reason why it was done '''twice''' was because the first did not pass the quality test. But did something happen to the original video tape of part one during this conversion process? Did the tape get mangled beyond repair after / during a '''third''' attempt to make a usable 16mm film copy?
 
*The BBC could have made tele-recordings of the remaining episodes and sold the serial in black and white only, but since very few countries were still buying any black and white material at that time might not have justified the cost.
 
*Producer Barry Letts has gone on record saying he was far from satisfied with the special visual effects; did he perhaps pull some clout and have the story withdrawn to prevent further embarrassment by selling less-than-satisfactory product to their colonial cousins?
 
*Script-writer Malcolm Hulke had, soon after the transmission of part one, complained to the BBC that the first episode's title had been changed to "INVASION"; producer Barry Letts did respond, admitting that the title change was misguided. Did the BBC therefore plan to re-caption part one for foreign sales?
 
*And what happened to the rest of the tapes between 1974 and 1978? It is thought that the ones found in 1978 had been returned from BBC Wales. But why did they not also return episode one? 
 
*How did a longer early edit of part three survive?
 
*And if the story was not available in any format, why was it included on two separate sales brochures? Or was this purely down to a clerical error?
 
 
Yes, it is all very confusing. And we may never find out the answer to this one.
 
  
 +
==Issue==
 +
[[File:WWWABC84.JPG|thumb|right|350px|The edited five-parter finally goes to air -- in Australia; Canberra Times, 5 November 1984]]
 +
* The story was eventually released for foreign sale in 1984, when it was sold to [[Australia]]. It was also included in a package of all 24 [[Jon Pertwee stories]] sold to the [[United States]] in 1985. However, the black and white part one was not included; the story was offered as a five-parter only or in an omnibus format. The opening titles captions were also adjusted, so PART TWO was now "PART ONE", PART THREE became "PART TWO", and so on. Part Two was also edited slightly to delete all references to scenes and events that occurred in part one, such as the Doctor and Sarah's discussion about the origin of the pterodactyl that had attacked them. To maintain the episode's duration, the 'deleted' sections were replaced by the dropping-in of shots extracted from elsewhere within the same episode - for instance, a cutaway of soldiers shooting at the T-rex was duplicated and dropped in to mask the above 'discussion' scene.
  
But, okay, you've twisted our arms: for what it's worth, here's '''our take''' on this:
+
* The five-part version of the serial was sold to:
* The serial was broadcast, and as was standard at the time, the tele-recording negatives were made for BBC Enterprises during transmission.
 
* The original broadcast tapes of all six episodes are sent to Cardiff.
 
* BBC Enterprises starts the foreign sales process. They issue their 1974 sales catalogue, which includes all serials from season 11.
 
* On 28 June 1974, the first positive tele-recording print is made for BBC Enterprises' use.
 
* On 10 July a second tele-recording print is made for and sent to BBC Sydney, for the sale of the new season to [[Australia]].
 
* That same month, the ABC in [[Australia]] requests that all episodes of '''Doctor Who''' be sent in colour. (Other countries ([[Hong Kong]], [[United Arab Emirates]], [[New Zealand]]), have also expressed an interest in only colour episodes.) * The decision is made (in response to Hulke's complaint) to alter the title caption on the original tape of part one; to this end, Cardiff sends the tape of part one back to London.
 
* '''''By very early August, something happens to the tape of episode one – it goes missing; it gets damaged; it gets wiped accidentally...'''''
 
* Without part one in colour, Serial WWW is now useless to BBC Enterprises, because they can't sell it as a complete colour story.
 
* August 1974. Enterprises issues a "Wipe" order; however it's certain that no action to that end is taken, as the 71 edit of part three (held by the BBC's Engineering department), and the tapes held by Cardiff are retained.
 
* In 1975, BBC Enterprises' sales catalogue is amended to include the first Tom Baker series, but due to an oversight, Serial WWW is not marked as being NOT AVAILABLE.
 
* Sometime after November 1976 (when '''Whose Doctor Who''' was in production) and around the time that the Archive was established in 1978, BBC Cardiff returns its tapes of parts two to six to London...
 
 
 
 
 
==Issue==
 
* The story was '''finally''' released for foreign sale in 1984, when it was sold to [[Australia]]. It was also included in a package of all 24 [[Jon Pertwee stories]] sold to the [[United States]] in 1985.
 
*However, the black and white part one was not included; the story was offered as a five-parter only. The opening titles captions were also adjusted, so PART TWO was now "PART ONE", PART THREE became "PART TWO", and so on. Part Two was also edited slightly to remove all references to scenes from part one (such as the attack by the pterodactyl).
 
* The serial was sold to:
 
  
 
{| {{small-table}}  
 
{| {{small-table}}  
Line 66: Line 31:
 
|[[New Zealand]]||Sep 86||PAL
 
|[[New Zealand]]||Sep 86||PAL
 
|-  
 
|-  
|[[Canada]]||1990s?||NTSC
+
|[[Canada]]||Jun 90||NTSC
 
|}  
 
|}  
  
* All six parts - the black and white first instalment included - were released in the 1990s - UK Gold aired it in '''July 1993''', [[Australia]] screened all six in 1997, and [[New Zealand]] aired all six in January 2001.
+
 
* We suspect that one reason why part one was not available until the 1990s was: When the BBC released the serial in 1984 only stories that existed entirely in black and white or in colour were offered since many US broadcasters wanted to air omnibus versions, and having colour serials with parts in black and white were not as attractive. There were only two serials affected by this - [[Planet of the Daleks]] and [[Invasion of the Dinosaurs]]. Each was edited to "remove" their sole black and white episode. And since repeat fees had to be paid to the actors with speaking roles, with part one out of the equation, the BBC actually saved money by not having to pay repeat fees to the half dozen or so actors who appeared only in part one of serial WWW!
+
==Reissue==
*Then, from 1993, by which time the seven years rights period had expired, the black and white first episode could finally be marketed under new repeats contracts.  
+
* All six parts – including the black and white first instalment - were re-issued in the 1990s - [[UK Gold]] aired it episodically in '''July 1993'''; UKTV [[Australia]] screened all six in 1997; and Prime in [[New Zealand]] aired all six in January 2001. Prime also aired the extended first edit of part three.  
 +
* The black and white first episode was shown for the first time (as best as we can determine) in the [[United States]] on station [[WXEL]], on '''17 December 1994'''. It was later shown by other stations, sometimes on its own as a "special", such as on [[KSPS]] in [[Spokane]], which aired a single "never-before-seen-on TV 'lost'" Jon Pertwee episode on '''18 March 1995'''.
 +
** We suspect the reason why part one was not available until the 1990s was, when the BBC released the serial in 1984 only stories that existed entirely in black and white or in colour were offered since many US broadcasters wanted to air omnibus versions, and colour serials with some parts in black and white were not as attractive to US stations. There were only two serials affected by this - [[Planet of the Daleks]] and [[Invasion of the Dinosaurs]]. Each was edited to "remove" their sole black and white episode. And since repeat fees had to be paid to the actors with speaking roles, with part one out of the equation, the BBC did not have to pay repeat fees to the half dozen or so actors who appeared only in part one. But after 1991, when the seven years rights period (1984-1991) had expired, the black and white first episode could finally be marketed under fresh repeats contracts, which now included the actors in Part One.
  
  
 +
{{TV Guide blurbs
 +
| part = episode
 +
| title =
 +
| Pertwees = {y/n}
 +
| ep1=The Doctor and Sarah return from a visit to the Middle Ages only to find present-day London deserted.
 +
| ep2=In an effort to solve the mystery of the monster invasion, the Doctor decides to capture a dinosaur.
 +
| ep3=The Doctor bags his dinosaur, but loses Sarah to kidnappers.
 +
| ep4=New clues bring the Doctor closer to solving the mystery of the dinosaurs.
 +
| ep5=The Doctor makes a desperate attempt to stop Operation Golden Age.
 +
| comp = The Doctor must foil and attempt to reverse time and return the Earth to its primitive stages.
 +
}}
 
==Links==
 
==Links==
 
*[[Main Page]]
 
*[[Main Page]]
Line 81: Line 59:
 
*[[Doctors]]
 
*[[Doctors]]
 
**[[Jon Pertwee stories]]
 
**[[Jon Pertwee stories]]
 +
__NOTOC__

Revision as of 22:01, 7 September 2019

Story Code: WWW / Season 11 UK Airdate: 12 Jan to 16 Feb 1974 Doctor: Jon Pertwee
First airings by location UK Repeats / Foreign Cable and Satellite Previous Story / Next Story
  • Black and white film recordings of various episodes were created on three different days -- 27 June 1974, 28 June 1974 and 10 July 1974.
  • The serial was offered by BBC Sydney to the ABC in Australia along with the rest of the season, and at least the first episode was requested by the ABC for audition and assessment purposes.
  • That film print was received in Australia circa early August 1974, which was between the dates for when the serials either side were assessed:
  • Although it had accepted and classified The Time Warrior in black and white, the ABC wanted to broadcast that season in colour (PAL transmissions were due to commence from March 1975). The BBC reported it was able to furnish all the serials in colour, but not Invasion of the Dinosaurs because episode one had by then already been erased (probably very soon after the telerecording had been made!). Serial WWW was therefore rejected by the ABC on account of its format before it had even been submitted to the censorship board.
  • A non-sale to Australia meant that the only other Commonwealth country still buying the series in black and white -- Gibraltar -- could not afford to purchase it. (A sale to the United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong and New Zealand was also not possible, as they were all broadcasting in colour at that time.)
  • BBC London, probably in direct response to the 'rejection' by Australia, issued a "No Further Interest" notice for the story in August 1974 (shortly after the ABC rejected it), overlooking the possibility of future sales outside the Commonwealth, such as to United Arab Emirates, who purchased all the existant PAL colour Pertwees in 1975.
    • CONSPIRACY THEORY: It has been suggested that Invasion of the Dinosaurs part one was wiped in error due to it having a similar on-screen title as the fifth episode of the William Hartnell story The Web Planet, and the Patrick Troughton story, The Invasion, but that notion is often dismissed since the master tapes of that 6-parter and 8-parter had already been erased in 1969 and 1971 respectively. However, there is the possibility that this is in fact true. The BBC began junking the bulk of the negatives and film prints of the Hartnell and Troughton serials in 1974 (see Bicycling Chains) and Dinosaurs 1 may well have been mistaken for The Web Planet 5: "Invasion" and/or The Invasion 1 after all. The BBC junked the negatives and positives for The Invasion part one in 1974, and a clerical error may have seen the tape for "Invasion" (WWW1) incorrectly catalogued as a tape for "Invasion" (N5), and/or for "The Invasion" (VV) and it was thus assigned to the magnetic eraser... So when the request came from the ABC for colour tapes, the PAL master for part 1 had only just been wiped in error... Ooops.
  • BBC Sydney likely returned the black and white audition print to London, where it was junked -- and salvaged by a film collector. (It was subsequently returned to the BBC in 1983.)
  • By late 1976, when the documentary Whose Doctor Who was in pre-production, BBC Enterprises no longer held sales copies of the serial on film or on tape. (The other five original broadcast tapes plus a longer earlier edit of part three were, however, always held by the BBC's Engineering Department.)
  • A clip of the Brigadier from part six was used in part four of Logopolis, which aired in early 1981.


Issue

The edited five-parter finally goes to air -- in Australia; Canberra Times, 5 November 1984
  • The story was eventually released for foreign sale in 1984, when it was sold to Australia. It was also included in a package of all 24 Jon Pertwee stories sold to the United States in 1985. However, the black and white part one was not included; the story was offered as a five-parter only or in an omnibus format. The opening titles captions were also adjusted, so PART TWO was now "PART ONE", PART THREE became "PART TWO", and so on. Part Two was also edited slightly to delete all references to scenes and events that occurred in part one, such as the Doctor and Sarah's discussion about the origin of the pterodactyl that had attacked them. To maintain the episode's duration, the 'deleted' sections were replaced by the dropping-in of shots extracted from elsewhere within the same episode - for instance, a cutaway of soldiers shooting at the T-rex was duplicated and dropped in to mask the above 'discussion' scene.
  • The five-part version of the serial was sold to:
Australia Nov 84 PAL
United States from Mar 85 NTSC
New Zealand Sep 86 PAL
Canada Jun 90 NTSC


Reissue

  • All six parts – including the black and white first instalment - were re-issued in the 1990s - UK Gold aired it episodically in July 1993; UKTV Australia screened all six in 1997; and Prime in New Zealand aired all six in January 2001. Prime also aired the extended first edit of part three.
  • The black and white first episode was shown for the first time (as best as we can determine) in the United States on station WXEL, on 17 December 1994. It was later shown by other stations, sometimes on its own as a "special", such as on KSPS in Spokane, which aired a single "never-before-seen-on TV 'lost'" Jon Pertwee episode on 18 March 1995.
    • We suspect the reason why part one was not available until the 1990s was, when the BBC released the serial in 1984 only stories that existed entirely in black and white or in colour were offered since many US broadcasters wanted to air omnibus versions, and colour serials with some parts in black and white were not as attractive to US stations. There were only two serials affected by this - Planet of the Daleks and Invasion of the Dinosaurs. Each was edited to "remove" their sole black and white episode. And since repeat fees had to be paid to the actors with speaking roles, with part one out of the equation, the BBC did not have to pay repeat fees to the half dozen or so actors who appeared only in part one. But after 1991, when the seven years rights period (1984-1991) had expired, the black and white first episode could finally be marketed under fresh repeats contracts, which now included the actors in Part One.


US TV Guide descriptions

More Information
Title: Invasion of the Dinosaurs

  • Episode 1: The Doctor and Sarah return from a visit to the Middle Ages only to find present-day London deserted.
  • Episode 2: In an effort to solve the mystery of the monster invasion, the Doctor decides to capture a dinosaur.
  • Episode 3: The Doctor bags his dinosaur, but loses Sarah to kidnappers.
  • Episode 4: New clues bring the Doctor closer to solving the mystery of the dinosaurs.
  • Episode 5: The Doctor makes a desperate attempt to stop Operation Golden Age.
  • Compilation: The Doctor must foil and attempt to reverse time and return the Earth to its primitive stages.


Links