Difference between revisions of "Zambia"

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'''[[Wikipedia:Zambia|Zambia]]''' is located in south west [[:Category:Africa|Africa]]. A British colony, it achieved its independence in 19XXX. It is a member of the British Commonwealth.
+
'''[[Wikipedia:Zambia|ZAMBIA]]''' is in south central [[:Category:Africa|Africa]]. It is bordered by [[Rhodesia]].
 +
{{TOC right}}
 +
==Profile==
 +
{| {{small-table}}
 +
|-
 +
|'''Country Number (10)'''||1965||[[Selling Doctor Who|FIRST WAVE]]
 +
|-
 +
|'''Region'''||[[:Category:Africa|Africa]]||Commonwealth
 +
|-
 +
|'''Television commenced'''||1961||
 +
|-
 +
|'''Colour System'''||1979||[[:Wikipedia:PAL|PAL]]
 +
|-
 +
|'''[[WRTH|Population]]'''||1966||3.65 million
 +
|-
 +
|'''[[WRTH|TV Sets]]'''||1966|| 11,118
 +
|-
 +
|'''[[WRTH|Population]]'''||1976||4.64 million
 +
|-
 +
|'''[[WRTH|TV Sets]]'''||1976||22,500
 +
|-
 +
|'''Language/s'''||English||
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Television Stations / Channels==
  
−
{{Place-name
+
Zambia began its television service in 1961.
−
|First broadcast        = 1961
 
−
|First colour broadcast = 1979
 
−
|Colour                = [[wikipedia:PAL|PAL]]
 
−
|Doctors seen          = [[William Hartnell stories|Hartnell]]
 
−
}}
 
  
−
==Population==
+
There is only one national television broadcaster, '''Zambia Broadcasting Corporation (ZBC)''', which became '''Zambia Broadcasting Services (ZBS)''' in 1966, and '''[[wikipedia:Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation|Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC)]]''' in 1988. It was commonly known as '''ZTV'''.
  
−
When '''Doctor Who''' screened in Zambia in 1965, the population was circa 3.65 million, and licensed TV sets numbered only 11,118 (per [[WRTH]], 1966).
+
In 1979 it was the first country to introduce the [[Wikipedia:PAL|PAL]] colour system within Africa.  
  
−
==TV & system==
+
In the mid-1960s, '''ZTV''' operated from two regional stations: the northern station broadcasting from the Copperbelt / Kitwe district (on channel 4), and the southern station broadcasting from the capital, Lusaka (on channel 3). (Transmissions from Lusaka commenced from 25 December 1965.)
  
−
Zambia began its television service in 1961.  
+
A third repeater was established in 1968 in Kabwe. The three stations were linked as a network by microwave interconnection.  
  
−
Here are several stations – ZNBC was the first to switch to colour ([[Wikipedia:PAL|PAL]]) in 1979.  ''' Television Zambia''' (TVZ), a government-owned commercial broadcaster, was the one to carry '''Doctor Who'''. TVZ operated two separate stations, one based in Lusaka, the other in Kitwe.
 
  
 
==Language/s==
 
==Language/s==
  
−
The main language of Zambia is English, plus many tribal dialects.  
+
The principal language of Zambia is English.  
 +
 
  
 
=='''DOCTOR WHO IN ZAMBIA'''==
 
=='''DOCTOR WHO IN ZAMBIA'''==
  
−
Zambia was the 10th country to screen '''Doctor Who''', and the third in [[:Category:Africa|Africa]] (see [[Selling Doctor Who]]).
+
Zambia was the '''10th''' country to screen '''Doctor Who''', and the '''third''' in [[:Category:Africa|Africa]] (see [[Selling Doctor Who]]).
 +
 
  
 
==[[BBC Records]]==
 
==[[BBC Records]]==
  
−
'''The Seventies''' records a sale of '''36''' stories by 28 February 1977. '''The Handbook''', however, identifies '''38'''; 26 for Hartnell and 12 from Troughton. This total is borne out by the number of stories that did air, per the story tables below.  
+
Zambia is named in the list of 27 countries in '''The Making of Doctor Who''' (1972 Piccolo edition).
 +
 
 +
'''The Seventies''' records a sale of '''"(36)"''' stories by 28 February 1977. '''The Handbook''', however, identifies '''38'''; 26 for Hartnell and 12 from Troughton. This total agrees with the number of stories that did air, per the story tables below.
 +
 
 +
In '''DWM''', Zambia is identified in '''37''' story Archives: the same as above, but with the single omission of the first serial, {{A}}.
  
−
In '''DWM''', Zambia is identified in '''37''' story Archives: the same as above, but with the single omission of {{A}}.
 
  
 
==Stories bought and broadcast==
 
==Stories bought and broadcast==
Line 37: Line 62:
  
 
Twenty-six stories, 117 episodes:
 
Twenty-six stories, 117 episodes:
−
 
+
[[File:Zam First.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Scheduled debut on 19 September 1965, but it didn't air]]
 +
[[File:Zam Where.JPG|thumb|right|350px|Delayed; 26 September 1965]]
 +
[[File:Zam Third.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Delayed again; 10 October 1965]]
 +
[[File:Zam Tonight.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Debut! 17 October 1965]]
 +
[[File:Zam Sync.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Lusaka debut with The Keys of Marinus; 13 March 1966]]
 +
[[File:Zam Contam.JPG|thumb|right|300px|The Sensorites, part three: "Contamination"; 21 May 1966]]
 +
[[File:Zam November.JPG|thumb|right|300px|The Romans, 8 November 1966]]
 +
[[File:Times19661207.jpg|thumb|right|250px|28 episodes purchased; London Times, 7 December 1966]]
 +
[[File:Zam Air.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Galaxy 4, part three; 20 February 1968]]
 
{| {{small-table}}
 
{| {{small-table}}
 
|-
 
|-
Line 94: Line 127:
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
Zambia therefore bought GROUPS A to F of the [[William Hartnell stories]] (the only other country to buy just this run of episodes was [[Barbados]]).
+
Zambia therefore bought GROUPs A to F of the [[William Hartnell stories]] (the only other country to buy this run of 117 episodes was [[Barbados]]).
  
 
The programme was supplied as 16mm black and white film prints with English soundtracks.
 
The programme was supplied as 16mm black and white film prints with English soundtracks.
 +
 +
====Origins of the Prints?====
 +
 +
Zambia's prints of the first four William Hartnell stories were definitely sourced from [[Rhodesia / Zimbabwe]], which was the previous [[:Category:Africa|African]] country to screen those eleven stories. Both Zambia and Rhodesia's scheduled debut of the series had been delayed by three weeks.
 +
 +
Trade sanctions imposed on [[Rhodesia]] in February 1966 may have prevented Zambia from sourcing films from there. It's possible that [[Rhodesia]] was completely removed from that particular bicycling chain or its position as the second country shifted; in which case, Zambia received the films directly from its supplier, which was most likely to be [[Gibraltar]], since both countries aired the same set of seventeen stories / 81 episodes.
 +
 +
The '''7 December 1966''' edition of ''London Times'' reported that Zambia had purchased "28 programmes of ''Dr Who'', the BBC science fiction programme for …  "kiddults"." That block of episodes would be [[The Romans]] through to [[The Time Meddler]], which had already started being broadcast by the time that issue was published.
 +
 +
The other season two serials probably originated from [[Gibraltar]],
 +
 +
As for the later season three serials, these were either supplied from the BBC directly, or bicycled from [[Barbados]].
 +
  
 
===[[Patrick Troughton stories|PATRICK TROUGHTON]]===
 
===[[Patrick Troughton stories|PATRICK TROUGHTON]]===
Line 102: Line 148:
 
Twelve stories, 68 episodes:
 
Twelve stories, 68 episodes:
  
−
{| {{small-table}}; border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2"
+
[[File:Zam DW.JPG|thumb|right|250px|1 July 1970 (The Moonbase episode 4)]]
 +
[[File:Zam New.JPG|thumb|right|300px|11 June 1973 (The Faceless Ones episode 1)]]
 +
[[File:Zam Sept.JPG|thumb|right|300px|10 September 1973 (The Ice Warriors episode 2); NOTE: The Goodies debuts – these film prints were sent to Zambia from New Zealand a few months earlier]]
 +
{| {{small-table}}
 
|-
 
|-
 
|FF||[[The Highlanders]]||4
 
|FF||[[The Highlanders]]||4
Line 134: Line 183:
 
The programme was supplied as 16mm black and white film prints with English soundtracks.
 
The programme was supplied as 16mm black and white film prints with English soundtracks.
  
−
==Origins of the Prints?==
+
====Origins of the Prints?====
 +
 
 +
Zambia was the only African country to screen this set of twelve Troughtons. The season four stories were likely sourced from [[Hong Kong]].
 +
 
 +
It's possible that [[The Faceless Ones]] was sourced from [[New Zealand]] in 1970, but held over until 1973: see the page for that story for more details. 
 +
 
 +
The four season five stories were probably bicycled in from [[Gibraltar]].
 +
 
 +
The three season six serials may have been previously used in [[Singapore]] and/or [[Gibraltar]], or, given the early 1976 airdates, perhaps they were part of the set returned from [[Australia]] in mid-1975?
  
−
[[Rhodesia / Zimbabwe]] was the previous [[:Category:Africa|African]] country to screen the first eleven Hartnells, so it’s possible that Zambia was sent that same set of prints. Zambia was the only African country to screen the set of Troughtons that was supplied.
+
It's not clear why Zambia TV skipped over the six stories from [[Fury from the Deep]] to [[The Krotons]]. One likely explanation is that when the BBC offered ZTV more stories, the sales rights on those six had recently expired and were no longer available to purchase, leaving just the final three serials of that season still available within their sales rights period (which was usually seven years after the initial UK screening, which in their case was early 1976, which fits in with the purchase dates).  
  
−
The run of Troughton episodes in 1973 may have been sourced from [[Gibraltar]].
 
  
 
==Transmission==
 
==Transmission==
Line 144: Line 200:
 
===[[William Hartnell stories|WILLIAM HARTNELL]]===
 
===[[William Hartnell stories|WILLIAM HARTNELL]]===
  
−
The series may have started in October 1965 (the first actual airdate has not been confirmed). Listings have only been found from September 1966 onwards, when [[The Dalek Invasion of Earth]] was playing. The series played on Tuesdays, at 6.10pm in Kitwe, which was one week ahead of Lusaka, where the start time was 6.20pm. During the screening of [[The Space Museum]] and [[The Chase]], the gap widened to two weeks for a time, then back to one week with [[The Time Meddler]].
+
'''KITWE / COPPERBELT'''
  
−
Zambian viewers therefore had a run of episodes that (depending on the actual start date) lasted for nearly two whole years.  
+
The series was scheduled to commence from Sunday, '''19 September 1965''', at 5.50pm, however the films were not received from [[Rhodesia / Zimbabwe]] in time, so the scheduled programme was replaced with an episode of the Canadian adventure series, [[wikipedia:Forest Rangers|The Forest Rangers]].  
  
−
Six months later, on 30 January 1968, the series returned, back on Tuesdays, but now only airing in Lusaka. The start time was initially 6.10pm, before dropping to 5.40pm or 6.00pm during the run.
+
Interestingly, [[Rhodesia / Zimbabwe|Rhodesia]]'s own intended debut of the series was similarly delayed by a few weeks (due probably to the non-arrival of the films (from [[Nigeria]]?), and The Forest Rangers used to plug the gaps there as well!
  
−
Part three of [[Galaxy 4]] aired on 20 February, and part four of [[The Myth Makers]] on 26 March – a gap of '''five''' weeks. Unfortunately there are no TV listings given for the next four weeks. So the big question is, was there a one week break during which no episode aired – or did the one-off episode [[Mission to the Unknown]] air in its correct story sequence on 27 February?
+
'''Doctor Who''' was re-scheduled by ZTV for the following week, but the '''26 September 1965''' screening was also pre-empted by The Forest Rangers, again due to non-receipt of the '''Doctor Who''' films from Rhodesia.
  
−
If the listings are accurate, there was a period during September 1968 when '''Doctor Who''' was airing fortnightly, alternating with a series called '''Dennis the Menace'''.  
+
The TARDIS again failed to materialise on '''3 October 1965'''. The Forest Rangers aired instead.
 +
 
 +
Third time lucky? Sadly, no: the '''10 October 1965''' screening was also pre-empted.
 +
 
 +
Success! On Sunday, '''17 October 1965''', at 5.40pm, after four weeks of delays, '''Doctor Who''' finally went to air on ZTV.
 +
 
 +
The time changed to 5.45pm from '''14 November''' with the second serial, [[The Daleks]]. In April, the series moved to Saturdays, but for the first week of the change, an episode aired on Saturday as well as Sunday, '''2 and 3 April'''.
 +
 
 +
There was another day change from '''7 June 1966''' – now Tuesdays at 6.10pm - where it remained for the rest of the run, which came to an end on '''6 June 1967''', with part four of [[The Time Meddler]].
 +
 
 +
The series aired over a period spanning 87 weeks, but with there being only 81 episodes to account for, there must have been six weeks on which no episode aired. These pre-emptions appear to have been mainly in February / March 1967 – see TV listings below. (There was no episode on 21 February and 9 May of that year.)
 +
 
 +
*NOTE: TV listings for Kitwe / Copperbelt were not available beyond June 1967, so further details for screenings of '''Doctor Who''' in that area are unknown.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
'''LUSAKA'''
 +
 
 +
TV broadcasts were introduced to the southern regions of Zambia from 25 December 1965.
 +
 
 +
'''Doctor Who''' commenced in Lusaka from Sunday, '''13 March 1966''', at 5.40pm. However, rather than beginning from the start with [[An Unearthly Child]], the Lusaka screenings started with [[The Keys of Marinus]], which had begun in Kitwe / Copperbelt only the week before (6 March). Lusaka would be supplied with the same film print used by Kitwe until at least 1968.
 +
 
 +
The day of the week and timeslots for Lusaka changed to match those of the Kitwe broadcasts, before settling in on Tuesdays at 6.20pm from '''August 1966'''.
 +
 
 +
The run concluded on '''13 June 1967''', a week after Kitwe, with [[The Time Meddler]] part four. The Lusaka run also played six weeks more than the number of available episodes. The pre-emptions seem to have occurred in March / April 1967.
 +
 
 +
Eight months later '''Doctor Who''' returned to the Lusaka region; from Tuesday '''6 February 1968''', at 6.10pm, re-commencing from where the previous run had ended. (NOTE: The TV listings were not printed until 20 February 1968, which had a billing for [[Galaxy 4]] part three, so the 6 February start-date is assumed. It is also presumed that the same set of episodes aired a week earlier in Kitwe / Copperbelt.)
 +
 
 +
Only two serials aired – [[Galaxy 4]] and [[The Myth Makers]] – before the series took a one week break. (Replaced by Dennis the Menace.) Screenings resumed from '''9 April 1968''' (presumably with [[The Massacre]]).
 +
 
 +
The series moved to 5.40pm in June 1968. There was another break of a week between [[The Ark]] and [[The Gunfighters]]. Further pre-emptions occurred during [[The War Machines]] (was there perhaps a problem with the delivery of the films between Kitwe and Lusaka?)
 +
 
 +
There were several timeslot changes, from 6.00pm, to 6.10, then 6.20pm.
 +
 
 +
The run concluded on '''5 November 1968''', with (presumably) part four of [[The Smugglers]].
 +
 
 +
====Fate of the Prints?====
 +
 
 +
The first eleven William Hartnell serials were likely sent to [[Uganda]], the only other east [[:Category:Africa|African]] country to screen the same set of episodes.
 +
 
 +
The remaining season two serials likely went back to the BBC.
 +
 
 +
However, the season three serials may have been sent to [[Sierra Leone]], since it was the only other African country to screen those episodes. If not, the films would have gone back to the BBC.
  
−
The 117 (or 118) episode run of Hartnell stories came to a conclusion on 5 November 1968, with part four of [[The Smugglers]].
 
  
 
===[[Patrick Troughton stories|PATRICK TROUGHTON]]===
 
===[[Patrick Troughton stories|PATRICK TROUGHTON]]===
  
−
18 months later, the series returned on Wednesday, 8 April 1970, at 5.50pm, with [[The Highlanders]]. Neither [[The Tenth Planet]] or [[The Power of the Daleks]] screened in Zambia (most likely on account of the latter having been withdrawn from sale under Terry Nation's agreement with the BBC), so viewers were offered no on-screen explanation for the change in appearance of the lead character.
+
When the series returned 17 months later, it was with a new Doctor. A further 16 week run commenced from Wednesday, '''8 April 1970''', at 5.50pm; [[BBC Records]] indicate these were [[The Highlanders]] to [[The Macra Terror]]. (The series took a one week break between serials on '''3 June 1970'''.)
  
−
This 16 episode run ended on 29 July 1970. There had been a one-week break on 3 June 1970, between what was presumably [[The Underwater Menace]] and [[The Moonbase]].  
+
The microwave network across the country had been established for a few years, so presumably by this time the same episode was screened in both regions at the same time.  
  
−
Three years later, on Monday, 11 June 1973, Zambia resumed from where they had left off, with the Patrick Troughton story [[The Faceless Ones]]; the series was now playing on Monday evenings at timeslots of 5.30pm, 5.50pm, or 6.20pm. 30 weeks later, on 31 December 1973, the run ended, with what was probably [[The Web of Fear]].  
+
Neither [[The Tenth Planet]] or [[The Power of the Daleks]] screened in Zambia (most likely on account of the latter having been withdrawn from sale under Terry Nation's agreement with the BBC), so viewers were offered no on-screen explanation for the change in appearance of the lead character.
  
−
Another two years later, from Thursday, 5 February 1976, Zambia played a final run of 22 uninterrupted episodes, which would have been [[The Seeds of Death]], [[The Space Pirates]] and [[The War Games]]. The day was Thursdays, and the timeslot ranged between 5.30pm to 6.35pm times
+
It wasn't for another '''three years''' that '''Doctor Who''' aired in Zambia again. A 30 week / episode run commenced on Monday, '''11 June 1973''', at 5.50pm. There was a change of time to 6.20pm with the fifth episode, then to 5.30pm from August 1973 to the end of the run, which was '''31 December 1973'''. The serials that aired would have been [[The Faceless Ones]] to [[The Web of Fear]] (skipping [[The Evil of the Daleks]] and [[The Tomb of the Cybermen]]).
 +
 
 +
25 months later, on Thursday, '''5 February 1976''', a 22-week run commenced. The timeslot changed several times, from 6.35pm at the start of the run, to 6.00pm at the end. [[BBC Records]] indicate these 22 weeks were the final three Patrick Troughton serials. (Zambia therefore skipped over six serials: {{RR}}, {{SS}}, {{TT}}, {{UU}}, {{VV}}, and {{WW}}.)
 +
 
 +
The '''185th''' and final episode of '''Doctor Who''' to air in Zambia screened on '''1 July 1976'''.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
There is no clear record that Zambia screened '''Doctor Who''' again, even after the switch to colour in 1979.
 +
 
 +
====Fate of the Prints?====
 +
 
 +
The season four Troughtons were probably destroyed or returned to the BBC. 
 +
 
 +
Three of the season five stories were probably sent to [[Nigeria]] in 1974; [[The Ice Warriors]] wasn't, so if it was returned to the BBC in 1973, these prints may be the ones later found in 1988.
 +
 
 +
The season six episodes were probably returned to the BBC or destroyed. Zambia was the last country to screen the now-missing serial [[The Space Pirates]].  
  
−
There is no record that Zambia screened '''Doctor Who''' again, even after the switch to colour.
 
  
 
==TV listings==
 
==TV listings==
 +
{{Airdates-left|}}
 +
[[File:Zam Agony.JPG|thumb|right|250px|The Agony...; 14 May 1966]]
 +
[[File:Zam Dad.JPG|thumb|right|250px|My Dad's a Dalek!; 3 July 1966]]
  
−
{{Main|Airdates for XXXXX}}
+
TV listings have been obtained from the newspapers ''Zambia News'', ''Zambia Mail'' and ''Times of Zambia''. The listings in the ''News'' were in a "Radio and TV Guide" section.
−
 
 
−
'''1960s'''
 
  
−
TV listings have been obtained from the newspaper ''Zambia Mail'' and ''Times of Zambia''.  
+
The listings always gave the title as '''"Dr Who"'''.  
  
−
Sometimes the listings gave the programme title as '''Dr Who?''' (complete with question mark!).
+
The 19 September 1965 ''Zambia News'' featured a brief preview of new series that was due to screen "next week". The text of this was taken from BBC publicity material, and gave a short plot synopsis from [[Mission to the Unknown]], which had been recorded in August but was not due to screen in the UK until 6 October. (The very same text had also appeared a few weeks earlier, in the ''Rhodesia Herald'' issue dated 4 September 1965.)  
  
−
There were no TV listings available prior to 6 September 1966, so the actual date on which '''Doctor Who''' started is unknown. The listings included both Kitwe and Lusaka, and episodes were one week apart for the majority of the run. Many of the episodes titles were printed; for two instalments of [[The Web Planet]] the same title of two different episodes was printed two weeks running for both regions, but this appears to have been simply a misprint rather than a change of scheduled episode.
 
  
−
During the 1968 run, a large number of the paper had no TV listings at all, and instead printed an apology that they were unable to publish the listings "as they were not available from TVZ at the time of going to print". Frustratingly, this lack of listings throughout March 1968 means we'll never know for certain whether or not [[Mission to the Unknown]] aired!
+
For the four weeks that the series' debut was delayed, the ''Zambia News'' carried a brief explanation as to why this had happened.
 +
*26 September 1965: '''WHERE, WHEN, WHY AND WHAT HAPPENED TO DR WHO?'''
 +
*3 October 1965: "... once again he failed to appear... "
 +
*10 October 1965: '''THIRD TIME LUCKY?'''
 +
*17 October 1965: '''TONIGHT, MAYBE?'''
  
−
'''1970s'''
+
The ''News'' and ''Mail'' carried titles for the majority of the episodes for the 1965 to 1967 run. For the first four serials, the ''News'' carried short synopses.
  
−
None of the listings for 1970 and 1973 had episode titles, but the number of episodes that did run does conform with the stories noted by [[BBC Records]] as having been purchased.  
+
For the 1968 run, only five of the 36 episodes were identified by title.
  
−
==Fate of the Prints?==
+
On '''14 May 1966''', the ''News'' printed an interview with William Hartnell ('''OH THE AGONY OF BEING Dr WHO''') that had originated in the UK ''Daily Mirror'', on 23 April 1966 (also see [[Ghana]].)
  
−
[[Uganda]] was the next [[:Category:Africa|African]] country to air the first eleven [[William Hartnell stories]] that had been transmitted in Zambia in 1965-1966.
+
The 3 July 1966 issue of the ''News'' TV and Radio Extra featured an interview with Dalek operator Robert Jewell ('''MY DAD'S A DALEK!''')
  
−
[[Nigeria]] may have been the recipient of the Troughton stories that aired in Zambia in 1973.  
+
Some printing oddities occurred in the papers: for the second serial, the enemy of the Daleks were named as '''"Thaals"'''. Part four of [[The Keys of Marinus]] was given as '''"Shows of Terror"'''. Part three of [[The Sensorites]] was billed by the unusual name of '''"Contamination"'''! Part two of [[The Reign of Terror]] was '''"Quest of Madame Guillotine"'''. The last three episodes of [[The Web Planet]] were also mixed up or duplicated. [[Galaxy 4]] part three was listed as '''"Air Look"'''.  
  
−
Zambia was the last country to screen the now-missing serial [[The Space Pirates]].  
+
Between October 1966 and April 1967 there were quite a few newspapers missing. As noted above, there are six weeks more than the number of episodes; presumably there were pre-emptions on the dates for which no paper was available. (If so, the majority of these 'breaks' were between episodes of [[The Space Museum]] and [[The Chase]].)
  
−
==Zambia in Doctor Who==
+
During the 1968 run, the ''Zambia Mail'' did not always have TV listings; instead an apology was printed that that they were unable to publish the listings "as they were not available from ZTV at the time of going to press". This means the start date of '''6 February 1968''' of that run is only assumed.
  
−
There are no instances where Zambia is mentioned in the series.
+
None of the listings for the 1970, 1973 and 1976 runs had episode titles: the listings give the title as '''"Dr Who"'''.  
  
−
==References==
 
−
<references />
 
  
−
==Link==
+
==Links==
 
*[[Main Page]]
 
*[[Main Page]]
 
*[[Broadcasts around the World]]
 
*[[Broadcasts around the World]]
Line 211: Line 323:
  
 
[[Category:Africa]]
 
[[Category:Africa]]
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
==Missing Episodes==
 +
 +
<!--NOTE: THIS LINK IS DEAD – IT IGHT BE MOVED SOMEWHERE ELSE-->
 +
The following web-site has a summary of the status of Zambian film and radio archives:
 +
 +
* [http://www.lowdown.co.zm/2007/2007-05/drwho.htm WHO HAS DR WHO?]

Latest revision as of 23:21, 11 July 2020

ZAMBIA is in south central Africa. It is bordered by Rhodesia.

Profile

Country Number (10) 1965 FIRST WAVE
Region Africa Commonwealth
Television commenced 1961
Colour System 1979 PAL
Population 1966 3.65 million
TV Sets 1966 11,118
Population 1976 4.64 million
TV Sets 1976 22,500
Language/s English


Television Stations / Channels

Zambia began its television service in 1961.

There is only one national television broadcaster, Zambia Broadcasting Corporation (ZBC), which became Zambia Broadcasting Services (ZBS) in 1966, and Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) in 1988. It was commonly known as ZTV.

In 1979 it was the first country to introduce the PAL colour system within Africa.

In the mid-1960s, ZTV operated from two regional stations: the northern station broadcasting from the Copperbelt / Kitwe district (on channel 4), and the southern station broadcasting from the capital, Lusaka (on channel 3). (Transmissions from Lusaka commenced from 25 December 1965.)

A third repeater was established in 1968 in Kabwe. The three stations were linked as a network by microwave interconnection.


Language/s

The principal language of Zambia is English.


DOCTOR WHO IN ZAMBIA

Zambia was the 10th country to screen Doctor Who, and the third in Africa (see Selling Doctor Who).


BBC Records

Zambia is named in the list of 27 countries in The Making of Doctor Who (1972 Piccolo edition).

The Seventies records a sale of "(36)" stories by 28 February 1977. The Handbook, however, identifies 38; 26 for Hartnell and 12 from Troughton. This total agrees with the number of stories that did air, per the story tables below.

In DWM, Zambia is identified in 37 story Archives: the same as above, but with the single omission of the first serial, A.


Stories bought and broadcast

WILLIAM HARTNELL

Twenty-six stories, 117 episodes:

Scheduled debut on 19 September 1965, but it didn't air
Delayed; 26 September 1965
Delayed again; 10 October 1965
Debut! 17 October 1965
Lusaka debut with The Keys of Marinus; 13 March 1966
The Sensorites, part three: "Contamination"; 21 May 1966
The Romans, 8 November 1966
28 episodes purchased; London Times, 7 December 1966
Galaxy 4, part three; 20 February 1968
A An Unearthly Child 4
B The Daleks 7
C Inside the Spaceship 2
D Marco Polo 7
E The Keys of Marinus 6
F The Aztecs 4
G The Sensorites 6
H The Reign of Terror 6
J Planet of Giants 3
K The Dalek Invasion of Earth 6
L The Rescue 2
M The Romans 4
N The Web Planet 6
P The Crusade 4
Q The Space Museum 4
R The Chase 6
S The Time Meddler 4
T Galaxy 4 4
U The Myth Makers 4
W The Massacre 4
X The Ark 4
Y The Celestial Toymaker 4
Z The Gunfighters 4
AA The Savages 4
BB The War Machines 4
CC The Smugglers 4

Zambia therefore bought GROUPs A to F of the William Hartnell stories (the only other country to buy this run of 117 episodes was Barbados).

The programme was supplied as 16mm black and white film prints with English soundtracks.

Origins of the Prints?

Zambia's prints of the first four William Hartnell stories were definitely sourced from Rhodesia / Zimbabwe, which was the previous African country to screen those eleven stories. Both Zambia and Rhodesia's scheduled debut of the series had been delayed by three weeks.

Trade sanctions imposed on Rhodesia in February 1966 may have prevented Zambia from sourcing films from there. It's possible that Rhodesia was completely removed from that particular bicycling chain or its position as the second country shifted; in which case, Zambia received the films directly from its supplier, which was most likely to be Gibraltar, since both countries aired the same set of seventeen stories / 81 episodes.

The 7 December 1966 edition of London Times reported that Zambia had purchased "28 programmes of Dr Who, the BBC science fiction programme for … "kiddults"." That block of episodes would be The Romans through to The Time Meddler, which had already started being broadcast by the time that issue was published.

The other season two serials probably originated from Gibraltar,

As for the later season three serials, these were either supplied from the BBC directly, or bicycled from Barbados.


PATRICK TROUGHTON

Twelve stories, 68 episodes:

1 July 1970 (The Moonbase episode 4)
11 June 1973 (The Faceless Ones episode 1)
10 September 1973 (The Ice Warriors episode 2); NOTE: The Goodies debuts – these film prints were sent to Zambia from New Zealand a few months earlier
FF The Highlanders 4
GG The Underwater Menace 4
HH The Moonbase 4
JJ The Macra Terror 4
KK The Faceless Ones 6
NN The Abominable Snowmen 6
OO The Ice Warriors 6
PP The Enemy of the World 6
QQ The Web of Fear 6
XX The Seeds of Death 6
YY The Space Pirates 6
ZZ The War Games 10

Zambia therefore bought GROUP B, most of D, and F of the Patrick Troughton stories.

The programme was supplied as 16mm black and white film prints with English soundtracks.

Origins of the Prints?

Zambia was the only African country to screen this set of twelve Troughtons. The season four stories were likely sourced from Hong Kong.

It's possible that The Faceless Ones was sourced from New Zealand in 1970, but held over until 1973: see the page for that story for more details.

The four season five stories were probably bicycled in from Gibraltar.

The three season six serials may have been previously used in Singapore and/or Gibraltar, or, given the early 1976 airdates, perhaps they were part of the set returned from Australia in mid-1975?

It's not clear why Zambia TV skipped over the six stories from Fury from the Deep to The Krotons. One likely explanation is that when the BBC offered ZTV more stories, the sales rights on those six had recently expired and were no longer available to purchase, leaving just the final three serials of that season still available within their sales rights period (which was usually seven years after the initial UK screening, which in their case was early 1976, which fits in with the purchase dates).


Transmission

WILLIAM HARTNELL

KITWE / COPPERBELT

The series was scheduled to commence from Sunday, 19 September 1965, at 5.50pm, however the films were not received from Rhodesia / Zimbabwe in time, so the scheduled programme was replaced with an episode of the Canadian adventure series, The Forest Rangers.

Interestingly, Rhodesia's own intended debut of the series was similarly delayed by a few weeks (due probably to the non-arrival of the films (from Nigeria?), and The Forest Rangers used to plug the gaps there as well!

Doctor Who was re-scheduled by ZTV for the following week, but the 26 September 1965 screening was also pre-empted by The Forest Rangers, again due to non-receipt of the Doctor Who films from Rhodesia.

The TARDIS again failed to materialise on 3 October 1965. The Forest Rangers aired instead.

Third time lucky? Sadly, no: the 10 October 1965 screening was also pre-empted.

Success! On Sunday, 17 October 1965, at 5.40pm, after four weeks of delays, Doctor Who finally went to air on ZTV.

The time changed to 5.45pm from 14 November with the second serial, The Daleks. In April, the series moved to Saturdays, but for the first week of the change, an episode aired on Saturday as well as Sunday, 2 and 3 April.

There was another day change from 7 June 1966 – now Tuesdays at 6.10pm - where it remained for the rest of the run, which came to an end on 6 June 1967, with part four of The Time Meddler.

The series aired over a period spanning 87 weeks, but with there being only 81 episodes to account for, there must have been six weeks on which no episode aired. These pre-emptions appear to have been mainly in February / March 1967 – see TV listings below. (There was no episode on 21 February and 9 May of that year.)

  • NOTE: TV listings for Kitwe / Copperbelt were not available beyond June 1967, so further details for screenings of Doctor Who in that area are unknown.


LUSAKA

TV broadcasts were introduced to the southern regions of Zambia from 25 December 1965.

Doctor Who commenced in Lusaka from Sunday, 13 March 1966, at 5.40pm. However, rather than beginning from the start with An Unearthly Child, the Lusaka screenings started with The Keys of Marinus, which had begun in Kitwe / Copperbelt only the week before (6 March). Lusaka would be supplied with the same film print used by Kitwe until at least 1968.

The day of the week and timeslots for Lusaka changed to match those of the Kitwe broadcasts, before settling in on Tuesdays at 6.20pm from August 1966.

The run concluded on 13 June 1967, a week after Kitwe, with The Time Meddler part four. The Lusaka run also played six weeks more than the number of available episodes. The pre-emptions seem to have occurred in March / April 1967.

Eight months later Doctor Who returned to the Lusaka region; from Tuesday 6 February 1968, at 6.10pm, re-commencing from where the previous run had ended. (NOTE: The TV listings were not printed until 20 February 1968, which had a billing for Galaxy 4 part three, so the 6 February start-date is assumed. It is also presumed that the same set of episodes aired a week earlier in Kitwe / Copperbelt.)

Only two serials aired – Galaxy 4 and The Myth Makers – before the series took a one week break. (Replaced by Dennis the Menace.) Screenings resumed from 9 April 1968 (presumably with The Massacre).

The series moved to 5.40pm in June 1968. There was another break of a week between The Ark and The Gunfighters. Further pre-emptions occurred during The War Machines (was there perhaps a problem with the delivery of the films between Kitwe and Lusaka?)

There were several timeslot changes, from 6.00pm, to 6.10, then 6.20pm.

The run concluded on 5 November 1968, with (presumably) part four of The Smugglers.

Fate of the Prints?

The first eleven William Hartnell serials were likely sent to Uganda, the only other east African country to screen the same set of episodes.

The remaining season two serials likely went back to the BBC.

However, the season three serials may have been sent to Sierra Leone, since it was the only other African country to screen those episodes. If not, the films would have gone back to the BBC.


PATRICK TROUGHTON

When the series returned 17 months later, it was with a new Doctor. A further 16 week run commenced from Wednesday, 8 April 1970, at 5.50pm; BBC Records indicate these were The Highlanders to The Macra Terror. (The series took a one week break between serials on 3 June 1970.)

The microwave network across the country had been established for a few years, so presumably by this time the same episode was screened in both regions at the same time.

Neither The Tenth Planet or The Power of the Daleks screened in Zambia (most likely on account of the latter having been withdrawn from sale under Terry Nation's agreement with the BBC), so viewers were offered no on-screen explanation for the change in appearance of the lead character.

It wasn't for another three years that Doctor Who aired in Zambia again. A 30 week / episode run commenced on Monday, 11 June 1973, at 5.50pm. There was a change of time to 6.20pm with the fifth episode, then to 5.30pm from August 1973 to the end of the run, which was 31 December 1973. The serials that aired would have been The Faceless Ones to The Web of Fear (skipping The Evil of the Daleks and The Tomb of the Cybermen).

25 months later, on Thursday, 5 February 1976, a 22-week run commenced. The timeslot changed several times, from 6.35pm at the start of the run, to 6.00pm at the end. BBC Records indicate these 22 weeks were the final three Patrick Troughton serials. (Zambia therefore skipped over six serials: RR, SS, TT, UU, VV, and WW.)

The 185th and final episode of Doctor Who to air in Zambia screened on 1 July 1976.


There is no clear record that Zambia screened Doctor Who again, even after the switch to colour in 1979.

Fate of the Prints?

The season four Troughtons were probably destroyed or returned to the BBC.

Three of the season five stories were probably sent to Nigeria in 1974; The Ice Warriors wasn't, so if it was returned to the BBC in 1973, these prints may be the ones later found in 1988.

The season six episodes were probably returned to the BBC or destroyed. Zambia was the last country to screen the now-missing serial The Space Pirates.


TV listings

Airdates in Zambia
 ← AIRDATES ...... (CLICK ICON TO GO TO TABLE SHOWING EPISODE BREAKDOWN AND AIRDATES - N/S = story title is Not Stated)
The Agony...; 14 May 1966
My Dad's a Dalek!; 3 July 1966

TV listings have been obtained from the newspapers Zambia News, Zambia Mail and Times of Zambia. The listings in the News were in a "Radio and TV Guide" section.

The listings always gave the title as "Dr Who".

The 19 September 1965 Zambia News featured a brief preview of new series that was due to screen "next week". The text of this was taken from BBC publicity material, and gave a short plot synopsis from Mission to the Unknown, which had been recorded in August but was not due to screen in the UK until 6 October. (The very same text had also appeared a few weeks earlier, in the Rhodesia Herald issue dated 4 September 1965.)


For the four weeks that the series' debut was delayed, the Zambia News carried a brief explanation as to why this had happened.

  • 26 September 1965: WHERE, WHEN, WHY AND WHAT HAPPENED TO DR WHO?
  • 3 October 1965: "... once again he failed to appear... "
  • 10 October 1965: THIRD TIME LUCKY?
  • 17 October 1965: TONIGHT, MAYBE?

The News and Mail carried titles for the majority of the episodes for the 1965 to 1967 run. For the first four serials, the News carried short synopses.

For the 1968 run, only five of the 36 episodes were identified by title.

On 14 May 1966, the News printed an interview with William Hartnell (OH THE AGONY OF BEING Dr WHO) that had originated in the UK Daily Mirror, on 23 April 1966 (also see Ghana.)

The 3 July 1966 issue of the News TV and Radio Extra featured an interview with Dalek operator Robert Jewell (MY DAD'S A DALEK!)

Some printing oddities occurred in the papers: for the second serial, the enemy of the Daleks were named as "Thaals". Part four of The Keys of Marinus was given as "Shows of Terror". Part three of The Sensorites was billed by the unusual name of "Contamination"! Part two of The Reign of Terror was "Quest of Madame Guillotine". The last three episodes of The Web Planet were also mixed up or duplicated. Galaxy 4 part three was listed as "Air Look".

Between October 1966 and April 1967 there were quite a few newspapers missing. As noted above, there are six weeks more than the number of episodes; presumably there were pre-emptions on the dates for which no paper was available. (If so, the majority of these 'breaks' were between episodes of The Space Museum and The Chase.)

During the 1968 run, the Zambia Mail did not always have TV listings; instead an apology was printed that that they were unable to publish the listings "as they were not available from ZTV at the time of going to press". This means the start date of 6 February 1968 of that run is only assumed.

None of the listings for the 1970, 1973 and 1976 runs had episode titles: the listings give the title as "Dr Who".


Links



Missing Episodes

The following web-site has a summary of the status of Zambian film and radio archives:

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